Generic anesthesia machine for positive pressure ventilation. More...

#include <AnesthesiaMachine.h>

Inheritance diagram for biogears::AnesthesiaMachine:

[legend]

Public Member Functions
virtual	~AnesthesiaMachine ()

const char *	classname () const override

size_t	hash_code () const override

void	Clear () override

void	Initialize () override
	Initializes system properties to valid homeostatic values. More...

virtual bool	Load (const CDM::BioGearsAnesthesiaMachineData &in)

virtual CDM::BioGearsAnesthesiaMachineData *	Unload () const override

void	StateChange () override

void	PreProcess () override
	Anesthesia machine preprocess function. More...

void	Process () override
	Anesthesia machine process function. More...

void	PostProcess () override
	Anesthesia machine postprocess function. More...

void	CalculateScrubber ()
	Calculates the carbon dioxide removed by the scrubber. More...

void	SetConnection (CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineConnection::value c) override
	Connect to the patient via the ventilator mask, an endotracheal tube, or no connection. More...

void	InvalidateConnection () override
	Removes the connection to the patient. More...

Public Member Functions inherited from biogears::SEAnesthesiaMachine
	SEAnesthesiaMachine (SESubstanceManager &substances)

	~SEAnesthesiaMachine () override

bool	Load (const CDM::AnesthesiaMachineData &in)

Tree< const char * >	GetPhysiologyRequestGraph () const override

void	ForwardEvents (SEEventHandler *handler)

virtual CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineConnection::value	GetConnection () const

virtual bool	HasConnection () const

bool	HasInletFlow () const

SEScalarVolumePerTime &	GetInletFlow ()

double	GetInletFlow (const VolumePerTimeUnit &unit) const

bool	HasInspiratoryExpiratoryRatio () const

SEScalar &	GetInspiratoryExpiratoryRatio ()

double	GetInspiratoryExpiratoryRatio () const

bool	HasOxygenFraction () const

SEScalarFraction &	GetOxygenFraction ()

double	GetOxygenFraction () const

CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineOxygenSource::value	GetOxygenSource () const

void	SetOxygenSource (CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineOxygenSource::value name)

bool	HasOxygenSource () const

void	InvalidateOxygenSource ()

bool	HasPositiveEndExpiredPressure () const

SEScalarPressure &	GetPositiveEndExpiredPressure ()

double	GetPositiveEndExpiredPressure (const PressureUnit &unit) const

CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachinePrimaryGas::value	GetPrimaryGas () const

void	SetPrimaryGas (CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachinePrimaryGas::value name)

bool	HasPrimaryGas () const

void	InvalidatePrimaryGas ()

bool	HasRespiratoryRate () const

SEScalarFrequency &	GetRespiratoryRate ()

double	GetRespiratoryRate (const FrequencyUnit &unit) const

bool	HasReliefValvePressure () const

SEScalarPressure &	GetReliefValvePressure ()

double	GetReliefValvePressure (const PressureUnit &unit) const

bool	HasVentilatorPressure () const

SEScalarPressure &	GetVentilatorPressure ()

double	GetVentilatorPressure (const PressureUnit &unit) const

bool	HasLeftChamber () const

SEAnesthesiaMachineChamber &	GetLeftChamber ()

const SEAnesthesiaMachineChamber *	GetLeftChamber () const

void	RemoveLeftChamber ()

bool	HasRightChamber () const

SEAnesthesiaMachineChamber &	GetRightChamber ()

const SEAnesthesiaMachineChamber *	GetRightChamber () const

void	RemoveRightChamber ()

bool	HasOxygenBottleOne () const

SEAnesthesiaMachineOxygenBottle &	GetOxygenBottleOne ()

const SEAnesthesiaMachineOxygenBottle *	GetOxygenBottleOne () const

void	RemoveOxygenBottleOne ()

bool	HasOxygenBottleTwo () const

SEAnesthesiaMachineOxygenBottle &	GetOxygenBottleTwo ()

const SEAnesthesiaMachineOxygenBottle *	GetOxygenBottleTwo () const

void	RemoveOxygenBottleTwo ()

bool	Load (const std::string &file)

const SEScalar *	GetScalar (const char *name) override

const SEScalar *	GetScalar (const std::string &name) override

const std::map< CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineEvent::value, bool > &	GetEventStates () const

void	SetEvent (CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineEvent::value state, bool active, const SEScalarTime &time)

bool	IsEventActive (CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineEvent::value state) const

double	GetEventDuration (CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineEvent::value type, const TimeUnit &unit) const

void	UpdateEvents (const SEScalarTime &timeStep)

Public Member Functions inherited from biogears::SESystem
	SESystem (Logger *logger)

virtual	~SESystem ()

bool	Load (const CDM::SystemData &in)

Public Member Functions inherited from biogears::Loggable
	Loggable ()

	Loggable (Logger *log)

virtual	~Loggable ()

virtual Logger *	GetLogger () const

Public Member Functions inherited from biogears::BioGearsSystem
virtual void	AtSteadyState ()
	Notify systems that steady state has been achieved. More...

Static Public Member Functions
static size_t	TypeHash ()

static constexpr char const *const	TypeTag ()

Static Public Member Functions inherited from biogears::SEAnesthesiaMachine
static size_t	TypeHash ()

static constexpr char const *const	TypeTag ()

Static Public Member Functions inherited from biogears::SESystem
static const SEScalar *	GetScalar (const char name, std::vector< SESystem > *systems)

static const SEScalar *	GetScalar (const std::string &name, std::vector< SESystem * > *systems)

Protected Member Functions
	AnesthesiaMachine (BioGears &bg)

virtual void	Unload (CDM::BioGearsAnesthesiaMachineData &data) const

void	SetUp () override
	Initializes parameters for the anesthesia machine class. More...

Protected Member Functions inherited from biogears::SEAnesthesiaMachine
void	Unload (CDM::AnesthesiaMachineData &data) const

void	Merge (const SEAnesthesiaMachine &from)

void	ProcessConfiguration (const SEAnesthesiaMachineConfiguration &config)

Protected Member Functions inherited from biogears::SESystem
void	Unload (CDM::SystemData &data) const

Protected Member Functions inherited from biogears::Loggable
virtual void	Debug (const char msg, const char origin="") const

virtual void	Debug (const std::string &msg, const std::string &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Debug (std::ostream &msg, const std::string &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Info (const char msg, const char origin="") const

virtual void	Info (const std::string &msg, const std::string &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Info (std::ostream &msg, const std::string &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Warning (const char msg, const char origin="") const

virtual void	Warning (const std::string &msg, const std::string &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Warning (std::ostream &msg, const std::string &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Error (const char msg, const char origin="") const

virtual void	Error (const std::string msg, const std::string origin=empty) const

virtual void	Error (std::ostream &msg, const std::string &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Fatal (const char msg, const char origin="") const

virtual void	Fatal (const std::string &msg, const std::string &origin=empty) const

virtual void	Fatal (std::ostream &msg, const std::string &origin=empty) const

Protected Member Functions inherited from biogears::BioGearsSystem
virtual void	LoadState ()

Static Protected Member Functions
static auto	make_unique (BioGears &bg) -> std::unique_ptr< AnesthesiaMachine >

Protected Attributes
BioGears &	m_data

Protected Attributes inherited from biogears::SEAnesthesiaMachine
friend	SEAnesthesiaMachineConfiguration

std::stringstream	m_ss

SEEventHandler *	m_EventHandler

std::map< CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineEvent::value, bool >	m_EventState

std::map< CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineEvent::value, double >	m_EventDuration_s

CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineConnection::value	m_Connection

SEScalarVolumePerTime *	m_InletFlow

SEScalar *	m_InspiratoryExpiratoryRatio

SEScalarFraction *	m_OxygenFraction

CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineOxygenSource::value	m_OxygenSource

SEScalarPressure *	m_PositiveEndExpiredPressure

CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachinePrimaryGas::value	m_PrimaryGas

SEScalarFrequency *	m_RespiratoryRate

SEScalarPressure *	m_ReliefValvePressure

SEScalarPressure *	m_VentilatorPressure

SEAnesthesiaMachineChamber *	m_LeftChamber

SEAnesthesiaMachineChamber *	m_RightChamber

SEAnesthesiaMachineOxygenBottle *	m_OxygenBottleOne

SEAnesthesiaMachineOxygenBottle *	m_OxygenBottleTwo

SESubstanceManager &	m_Substances

Protected Attributes inherited from biogears::SESystem
std::stringstream	m_ss

Protected Attributes inherited from biogears::Loggable
Logger *	m_Logger

Private Member Functions
void	CalculateSourceStatus ()
	Checks the status of the oxygen source. More...

void	CalculateEquipmentLeak ()
	Scales the resistance of anesthesia machine equipment in the presence of a leak. More...

void	SetConnection ()
	Initializes gas volumes and volume fractions supplied by the anesthesia machine depending on the airway mode. More...

void	CalculateValveResistances ()
	Valve resistance calculation. More...

void	CalculateVentilator ()
	Calculates ventilator pressure. More...

void	CalculateGasSource ()
	Updates the volume fractions for the gas inlet node. More...

void	CalculateCyclePhase ()
	Calculates respiration cycle. More...

void	CheckReliefValve ()
	Checks Relief Valve Pressure. More...

Private Attributes
friend	BioGears

bool	m_inhaling

SEScalarTime	m_inspirationTime

SEScalar	m_O2InletVolumeFraction

SEScalarTime	m_currentbreathingCycleTime

SEScalarTime	m_totalBreathingCycleTime

double	m_dt_s

double	m_dValveOpenResistance_cmH2O_s_Per_L

double	m_dValveClosedResistance_cmH2O_s_Per_L

double	m_dSwitchOpenResistance_cmH2O_s_Per_L

double	m_dSwitchClosedResistance_cmH2O_s_Per_L

SEAnesthesiaMachineActionCollection *	m_actions

SEGasCompartment *	m_ambient

SEGasSubstanceQuantity *	m_ambientCO2

SEGasSubstanceQuantity *	m_ambientN2

SEGasSubstanceQuantity *	m_ambientO2

SEGasCompartment *	m_gasSource

SEGasSubstanceQuantity *	m_gasSourceCO2

SEGasSubstanceQuantity *	m_gasSourceN2

SEGasSubstanceQuantity *	m_gasSourceO2

SEGasCompartment *	m_scrubber

SEGasSubstanceQuantity *	m_scubberCO2

SEGasSubstanceQuantity *	m_scrubberN2

SEFluidCircuitNode *	m_nVentilator

SEFluidCircuitNode *	m_nSelector

SEFluidCircuitPath *	m_pAnesthesiaConnectionToEnvironment

SEFluidCircuitPath *	m_pYPieceToExpiratoryLimb

SEFluidCircuitPath *	m_pGasSourceToGasInlet

SEFluidCircuitPath *	m_pInspiratoryLimbToYPiece

SEFluidCircuitPath *	m_pSelectorToReliefValve

SEFluidCircuitPath *	m_pEnvironmentToReliefValve

SEFluidCircuitPath *	m_pSelectorToEnvironment

SEFluidCircuitPath *	m_pEnvironmentToVentilator

SEFluidCircuitPath *	m_pExpiratoryLimbToSelector

SEFluidCircuitPath *	m_pSelectorToScrubber

Friends
class	BioGearsEngineTest

Additional Inherited Members
Static Public Attributes inherited from biogears::Loggable
static const std::string	empty

static const char *	empty_cStr

Detailed Description

Generic anesthesia machine for positive pressure ventilation.

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::AnesthesiaMachine ( BioGears & bg )

protected

biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::~AnesthesiaMachine ( )

virtual

Member Function Documentation

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::CalculateCyclePhase ( )

private

Calculates respiration cycle.

The inspiratory and expiratory phase times are calculated based on a pre-set respiration rate and inspiration-expiration ratio parameters. These parameters are selected as input parameters for the anesthesia machine configurations.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::CalculateEquipmentLeak ( )

private

Scales the resistance of anesthesia machine equipment in the presence of a leak.

The resistance of the mask, tube, and y piece are scaled based on the presence and severity of a leak. This will influence the circuit analyis and will effect the flow and gas mixture provided by the anesthesia machine. This occurs during preprocess.

Error:: Error: Invalid Airway Mode Encountered in Compute Equipment Leak function

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::CalculateGasSource ( )

private

Updates the volume fractions for the gas inlet node.

The final step of the anesthesia machine preprocess is to update the volume fractions for the gas inlet node. The gas mixture is determined based on the right and left chamber activity and specified substances and the oxygen percent setting on the anesthesia machine. The oxygen source (bottle and wall) are checked to ensure no equipment failures exist. The volume fractions are adjusted according to gas composition, the sources, and any failures present. All of the gases enter the anesthesia machine from a single source. The volume fractions of vapor (two vaporizor chambers) and oxygen can be specified. If the sum of the specified fractions is greater than one an error is logged and all substance volume fractions are scaled according the specified proportions. If the sum of the fractions specified is less than one then the remaining will be either nitrogen or the ambient gas substance, depending on whether nitrogen or air is specified as the primary gas.

Todo:: put these messages into a verbose for debugging

Todo:: loop over all ambient substances and set each volume fraction

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::CalculateScrubber ( )

Calculates the carbon dioxide removed by the scrubber.

Calculates the amount of carbon dioxide removed from the anesthesia machine by the scrubber. If a soda lime failure is present, the full amount of carbon dioxide is not removed. The amount removed is dependent on the severity of the failure. The substance volume in the scrubber node is decremented based on the amount of carbon dioxide removed. This function occurs during anesthesia machine preprocess.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::CalculateSourceStatus ( )

private

Checks the status of the oxygen source.

Checks the status of the oxygen source. If an oxygen bottle is in use, ensures that the bottle still has oxygen. If the oxygen bottle no longer has oxygen, then an event is sent to the log notifying the user.

Event:: AnesthesiaMachine: Oxygen bottle 1 is exhausted. There is no longer any oxygen to provide via the anesthesia machine.

Event:: AnesthesiaMachine: Oxygen bottle 2 is exhausted. There is no longer any oxygen to provide via the anesthesia machine.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::CalculateValveResistances ( )

private

Valve resistance calculation.

The method checks for the breathing cycle and sets the inspiratory or expiratory valves as open or closed by adjusting the corresponding valve resistances. The method also changes valve resistances to simulate equipment failures that correspond to valve leak and obstructions

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::CalculateVentilator ( )

private

Calculates ventilator pressure.

The Anesthesia machine employs pressure-control ventilation mode. This method calculates the control ventilator pressure that drives the gas flow in the breathing circle. During inspiration, the ventilator pressure is set to pre-defined constant value to serve as an input pressure source. This causes gas to flow into the inspiratory limb path. The pressure is dropped to much low pressure during the expiration phase to allow gas return to the ventilator.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::CheckReliefValve ( )

private

Checks Relief Valve Pressure.

Assigns relief valve pressure as a pressure source based on the pressure setting and checks if the status of the relief valve is open or closed.

Event:: AnesthesiaMachine: Relief Valve is active. The pressure setting has been exceeded.

const char* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::classname ( ) const

inlineoverridevirtual

Reimplemented from biogears::SEAnesthesiaMachine.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::Clear ( )

overridevirtual

Reimplemented from biogears::SEAnesthesiaMachine.

size_t biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::hash_code ( ) const

inlineoverridevirtual

Reimplemented from biogears::SEAnesthesiaMachine.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::Initialize ( )

overridevirtual

Initializes system properties to valid homeostatic values.

Reimplemented from biogears::BioGearsSystem.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::InvalidateConnection ( )

overridevirtual

Removes the connection to the patient.

If the mask is on or the tube is connected, it is removed and the airway mode is set to free. The action is then removed from the action manager.

Reimplemented from biogears::SEAnesthesiaMachine.

bool biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::Load ( const CDM::BioGearsAnesthesiaMachineData & in )

virtual

auto biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::make_unique ( BioGears & bg ) -> std::unique_ptr<AnesthesiaMachine>

staticprotected

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::PostProcess ( )

overridevirtual

Anesthesia machine postprocess function.

The substance volumes and the volume fractions are updated for all of the nodes in the anesthesia machine circuit during post process. The ventilator volumes are updated based on the previously calculated nodal analysis.

Implements biogears::BioGearsSystem.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::PreProcess ( )

overridevirtual

Anesthesia machine preprocess function.

Checks the anesthesia machine settings to ensure all are within the acceptable ranges. Processes all equipment failures. Verifies the oxygen source. Processes any failures with the oxygen source. Calculates the gas inlet volume fractions based on equipment failures and gas sources.

Implements biogears::BioGearsSystem.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::Process ( )

overridevirtual

Anesthesia machine process function.

The current BioGears implementation has no specific process functionality for the anesthesia machine. Anesthesia machine processing is currently done in the Respiratory System with the combined circuit methodology.

Implements biogears::BioGearsSystem.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::SetConnection ( CDM::enumAnesthesiaMachineConnection::value c )

overridevirtual

Connect to the patient via the ventilator mask, an endotracheal tube, or no connection.

Parameters

enumAnesthesiaMachineConnection Connectoin type : Mask, tube, or off

If the enum is set to mask, then the mask is applied to the face If the enum is set to tube, then the machine is connected to the tube If the enum is set to off, the airway mode is set to free.

Reimplemented from biogears::SEAnesthesiaMachine.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::SetConnection ( )

private

Initializes gas volumes and volume fractions supplied by the anesthesia machine depending on the airway mode.

The gas volumes and volume fractions are initialized and updated based on the airway mode (mask, free, or tube) and the volume associated with each airway mode.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::SetUp ( )

overrideprotectedvirtual

Initializes parameters for the anesthesia machine class.

Initializes member variables and system level values on the common data model.

Implements biogears::BioGearsSystem.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::StateChange ( )

overridevirtual

Reimplemented from biogears::SEAnesthesiaMachine.

static size_t biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::TypeHash ( )

inlinestatic

static constexpr char const* const biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::TypeTag ( )

inlinestatic

CDM::BioGearsAnesthesiaMachineData * biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::Unload ( ) const

overridevirtual

Reimplemented from biogears::SEAnesthesiaMachine.

void biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::Unload ( CDM::BioGearsAnesthesiaMachineData & data ) const

protectedvirtual

Friends And Related Function Documentation

friend class BioGearsEngineTest

friend

Member Data Documentation

friend biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::BioGears

private

SEAnesthesiaMachineActionCollection* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_actions

private

SEGasCompartment* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_ambient

private

SEGasSubstanceQuantity* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_ambientCO2

private

SEGasSubstanceQuantity* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_ambientN2

private

SEGasSubstanceQuantity* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_ambientO2

private

SEScalarTime biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_currentbreathingCycleTime

private

BioGears& biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_data

protected

double biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_dSwitchClosedResistance_cmH2O_s_Per_L

private

double biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_dSwitchOpenResistance_cmH2O_s_Per_L

private

double biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_dt_s

private

double biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_dValveClosedResistance_cmH2O_s_Per_L

private

double biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_dValveOpenResistance_cmH2O_s_Per_L

private

SEGasCompartment* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_gasSource

private

SEGasSubstanceQuantity* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_gasSourceCO2

private

SEGasSubstanceQuantity* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_gasSourceN2

private

SEGasSubstanceQuantity* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_gasSourceO2

private

bool biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_inhaling

private

SEScalarTime biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_inspirationTime

private

SEFluidCircuitNode* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_nSelector

private

SEFluidCircuitNode* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_nVentilator

private

SEScalar biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_O2InletVolumeFraction

private

SEFluidCircuitPath* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_pAnesthesiaConnectionToEnvironment

private

SEFluidCircuitPath* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_pEnvironmentToReliefValve

private

SEFluidCircuitPath* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_pEnvironmentToVentilator

private

SEFluidCircuitPath* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_pExpiratoryLimbToSelector

private

SEFluidCircuitPath* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_pGasSourceToGasInlet

private

SEFluidCircuitPath* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_pInspiratoryLimbToYPiece

private

SEFluidCircuitPath* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_pSelectorToEnvironment

private

SEFluidCircuitPath* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_pSelectorToReliefValve

private

SEFluidCircuitPath* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_pSelectorToScrubber

private

SEFluidCircuitPath* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_pYPieceToExpiratoryLimb

private

SEGasCompartment* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_scrubber

private

SEGasSubstanceQuantity* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_scrubberN2

private

SEGasSubstanceQuantity* biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_scubberCO2

private

SEScalarTime biogears::AnesthesiaMachine::m_totalBreathingCycleTime

private

Public Member Functions

Static Public Member Functions

Protected Member Functions

Static Protected Member Functions

Protected Attributes

Private Member Functions

Private Attributes

Friends

Additional Inherited Members

Detailed Description

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

Member Function Documentation

Friends And Related Function Documentation

Member Data Documentation